Brawn GP Formula One Team History
Sep 4
2010
Brawn GP Formula One Team History
Brawn Grand Prix is a Formula One team based in Brackley in south Northamptonshire, England which was formed out of the ashes of the Honda Racing F1 team in 6th March 2009. In December 2008 Honda revealed that they were going to pull the plug on their Formula One team in an attempt to save the Honda company money during the worsening global financial downturn.
This left one of the best funded and best equipped Formula One teams in the field in limbo while the management team attempted to find a buyer for the team and save 700 plus worker’s jobs at the teams Brackley HQ. Between December 2008 and February 2009 a number of possible buyers’ names were being thrown about by the media and team boss Nick Fry claimed the management was negotiating with a dozen possible buyers. The media reported that the team was close to being saved a number of times by parties including Prodrive, Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim and a ‘consortium of Brazilian investors’ however none of these came to fruition and it was soon looking likely that the only realistic option was a management buyout.
In Feburary 2009 it came to light that the Honda management were in negotiations with Richard Branson’s Virgin Group and they looked set to buy the team however speculation ended when Richard Branson revealed he was interested in F1 but only once certain conditions were met, mainly that costs were reduced and that the sport was championing green technology.
On the 6th March 2009 the Honda Motor Company and the former Honda Racing F1 Team management announced that the team had been saved buy a management buyout from technical director Ross Brawn and the new team Brawn GP was born. The team went on to test its car for the first time in an official test at Circuit de Cataluña, Barcelona in March where they were they performed very well, setting an unofficial lap record in the process. The team was accused of running the car underweight in an attempt to attract sponsors to help fund the fledgling team however these claims were denied by the team. Others accused the team along with rivals Williams and Toyota of having an illegal rear diffuser under the new 2009 regulations, claims which were also denied by all three teams. Whatever accusations were thrown at the team, nobody could deny that it looks like Brawn GP had a very competitive car that could turn out to be one of the fastest come the season opening race in Australia.
Roll on the last weekend in March and it was time for the start of the 2009 Formula One season, throughout the weekend Brawn GP showed that it’s pace in pre-season testing was no bluff and in-fact they had one of the best cars on the grid. They proved this by first locking out the front row in qualifying and then going on to secure a historic 1-2 finish in the race, which was only the third time in history that a brand new team had managed it.
The Brawn GP Blog is a blog about the newly formed Brawn GP formula one team that was founded out of the ashes of the former Honda Racing F1 team. The site contains regularly updated pieces on team gossip, mentions in the media and race coverage.
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GPS principles
Sep 2
2010
GPS principles
The basic principle of GPS navigation system to measure the known location of the satellite to the user the distance between the receiver and then integrated multi-satellite data can know the exact location of the receiver. To achieve this purpose, the satellite’s position can be based on-board clock time recorded in the satellite ephemeris identified. The user to the satellite’s distance from the satellite signal transmitted through the records to the user the experience of time, and then multiplied by the speed of light received (due to the interference of the atmosphere ionosphere, this distance is not the user and the real distance between the satellites, but pseudorange (PR): When the GPS satellites to work, it will continue to use 1 and 0 binary symbol composed of pseudo-random number (PN for short) launched navigation message. GPS pseudo-code system uses a total of two, namely civilian C / A code and the military of the P (Y) code. C / A code frequency 1.023MHz, repeat cycle of a millisecond, the code distance one microsecond, equivalent to 300m; P code frequency of 10.23MHz, repeat the cycle of 266.4 days, Code spacing of 0.1 microseconds, equivalent to 30m. The P code Y code is formed on the basis of confidentiality better performance. navigation message includes satellite ephemeris, work status, clock corrections, ionospheric delay correction, atmospheric refraction correction and other information. It is in the solution from the satellite signal modulation up to 50b / s modulation in the carrier frequency on the launch. navigation data included in each of the main frame 5 sub-frames per frame size 6s. the first three frames of all 10 code; repeat every 30 seconds, updated hourly. After the two were 15000b. navigation message in the contents of the main remote codes, code conversion, the first data blocks 1,2,3, including the most important was ephemeris data. When the user receives the navigation data, the extraction of the satellite time and do it with their own clock compared satellite and the user will be aware of the distance, and then use the navigation data in the satellite ephemeris data, calculate the location of the satellite launch when the message the user in WGS-84 geodetic coordinate system position, velocity and other information can be learned.
GPS satellite navigation system can be seen part of the role is to constantly launch navigation message. However, users accept the machine using the onboard clock with the clock can not always synchronized, so in addition to the user’s three-dimensional coordinates x, y, z, but also introduce a Δt is the time between the satellite and receiver differential as unknown, then four equations out of these four unknown solution. So if you want to know the location of the receiver, at least four satellites can receive the signal.
GPS receiver can receive the exact timing can be used to nanosecond time information; for forecasting the next few months in which broad locations satellite ephemeris; used to calculate the required positioning satellite coordinates of the broadcast ephemeris a precision of several meters to tens of meters (each satellite is different at any time change); and GPS system information, such as satellite status.
GPS receiver of the code can be measured from the satellite to the receiver, as with the receiver clock error of satellite and atmospheric propagation errors, it is called pseudorange. 0A code measured on the pseudo-range as UA code pseudorange, the accuracy is about 20 meters, measured on the P code pseudo-range as P code pseudo-range, precision is about 2 meters.
GPS receiver to receive satellite signals, decode or use other technology, the information on modulation in the carrier removed, you can restore the carrier. Strictly speaking, the carrier phase should be known as the carrier beat phase, which is received by the Doppler frequency shift effects of the satellite signal carrier phase and the receiver local oscillation signal phase difference. Generally determined by the receiver clock time measurement epoch, to keep track of the satellite signal, you can record changes in the value of the phase, but the start time of observation and satellite receiver initial phase of the oscillator is not known, since epoch beginning phase integer not know about that ambiguity, only as a parameter in the Data Processing Solution. Phase observations are accurate to the millimeter, but only solved ambiguity, only the relative positioning, and continuous observation for some time to use the phase observations, and to achieve better than the meter-level positioning accuracy of only phase observations can be used.
By positioning mode, GPS positioning into a single point positioning and relative positioning (differential positioning). Single point positioning is only one receiver according to the observation data to determine the way the receiver position, it can only use pseudorange measurements can be used for rough travel, etc. navigation. Relative positioning (differential position) is based on two or more receivers of observational data to determine the relative position between the observation points the way, both can be used pseudorange phase measurements can be applied, geodetic or engineering survey shall be phase observations using the relative positioning.
In the GPS observables includes satellite and receiver clock error, atmospheric propagation delay, multipath effects, etc. error, even when in the position calculation by the satellite broadcast ephemeris error, and during most of the public when the relative positioning error was offset or reduced, thus positioning accuracy will be greatly enhanced, dual-frequency receiver can view the two frequency ionospheric measurement error of the atmosphere to offset a major part in the high precision, when the distance between the receiver (there is significant difference between the atmosphere ) should be used in dual-frequency receiver.
Relativity for the GPS provides the necessary amendments
Global Positioning System GPS satellite timing signals to provide latitude, longitude and altitude information, accurate distance measurement requires precise clock. Therefore, we must use precise GPS receivers relativistic effect.
Accuracy within 30 meters in GPS receiver means that it has made use of the relativistic effect. University of Washington physicist Clifford M. Will explained in detail, said: “If you do not take into account relativistic effects, satellite clock on the Earth’s clock is not synchronized.” Relativity that fast moving objects with the passage of time slower than static. Will calculated for each GPS satellite approximately 1.4 million kilometers per hour across the distance, which means its on-board atomic clocks on Earth every day the clock slower than 7 microseconds.
The gravitational force exerted on time more relativistic effects. About 2 million meters of altitude, GPS satellites by the gravitational pull by approximately one quarter of the ground. The result is that on-board clock speed of 45 microseconds per day, GPS should be included in a total deviation of 38 microseconds. Ashby explained: “If there is no satellite frequency compensation of 11 km per day will increase the error.” (This effect is in fact more complex, because the satellite along an eccentric orbit, sometimes closer from Earth, sometimes Also very near.)
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Traveling by GPS is Much Fun
Aug 3
2010
Traveling by GPS is Much Fun
The crying needs for successful and enjoyable holiday travel – getting to the destination, and providing some entertaining distraction along the way – are now answered with the help of heaven-sent, handy GPS-based navigation systems. Whether you are traveling cross-country or taking a quick weekend trip, having a GPS device will make your journey easier, faster and much more fun.
In recent years, GPS devices have begun to mature from barebones units to more feature-packed devices that also let you play music and even make calls from your car. Both GPS- systems and satellite radios are becoming hot add-ons for new cars and rentals, and there are a variety of interesting and ever more affordable options to upgrade your existing vehicle. Today’s systems work well with small and built-in GPS antennas providing visual and voice prompts for upcoming turns, and dynamically adjusting when you take a detour. These systems can normally store at least major highway maps for the entire regions plus detailed maps for a specific region, as well as associated points of interest, addresses and even phone numbers for businesses, gas stations, ATMs, hotels, restaurants, and attractions.
There’s so much to see and do when you are on vacation that you want to make sure you don’t miss a thing while driving or hiking. It’s especially true when you’re taking a tour around national parks and other scenic vistas – that’s the reason enough to be looking out the windshield and not at the map. Now you have the power and security to make any trip an effortless and memorable one whether you’re working, sightseeing or a little of both. You will never get lost again or miss out on the points of interest thanks to GPS. Whether in your own car, a rental car or RV Rental, integrating the in-car entertainment like an MP3 player and tour guide content will allow you to travel at your own pace; visiting the places you want to see. With multilingual turn-by-turn visual guidance, voice prompt navigation and easy to read graphics, traveling from place to place has never been easier and so visitor-friendly. It also gives you suggested directions, so you don’t get lost, for the most popular driving routes as well and invite you to get off the beaten path to take the roads less traveled. You will get to see more, hear more, laugh more and experience more than you ever could have on your own.
When vacationing in unfamiliar cities or countries GPS also comes handy and helps you enjoy your stay and remain focused on the business at hand. Now you can navigate to different places with your GPS specific for the regions you are traveling in. GPS can also help you avoid being scammed by local taxi drivers. With a GPS you know if a “short cut” is really what it is or if the taxi driver is just trying to rip you off by taking you on a longer route. Your visit will be more fun with a GPS since it allows you to enjoy your experience without worrying so much about how to get around.
GPS-based navigation systems are real indispensable additions to your travel gear. Just grab a GPS and enjoy your trip!
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